O/R映射框架的延迟加载技术实现大体上有这么4种(参看Martin Fowler的意见):
(http://www.martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/lazyLoad.html)

There are four main varieties of lazy load. Lazy Initialization uses a special marker value (usually null) to indicate a field isn't loaded. Every access to the field checks the field for the marker value and if unloaded, loads it. Virtual Proxy is an object with the same interface as the real object. The first time one of its methods are called it loads the real the object and then delegates. Value Holder is an object with a getValue method. Clients call getValue to get the real object, the first call triggers the load. A ghost is the real object without any data. The first time you call a method the ghost loads the full data into its fields.